tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11454790388248416392024-03-13T09:39:30.785-07:00minda kimiakita adalah insan yang begitu kerdil mencari ilmu ALLAH yang terlalu luasCekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.comBlogger51125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-62174425474214439512010-11-13T06:45:00.000-08:002010-11-13T07:06:39.213-08:00Aloi...Aloi - campuran logam untuk membentuk logam baru yang lebih baik, cantik dan tahan lasak<div><div><br /></div><div> aloi dan kegunaanya.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b> 9901 Yang KuZi</b></div><div><b></b> - loyang = Kuprum + Zink</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ8yYtBo2V3kdjplbx9CX50nswWbVciR847hrKa7h5EWpIB2Tga" /></div><div><b> Gang KuTi</b> </div><div> - Gangsa = Kuprum + Timah</div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTe4c6ZdoUP1rs306ZJOlXOQv77DDombXEj79RvPJeqcPaJW9Sv" /></div><div><b> Ter TiKu</b> </div><div> - Pewter = Timah + Kuprum</div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSn9YBAhcpenOkUY35zx7EYFoMYK-QpDzCx1KNrd6CFGcNN6AkRu0fDe4udSQ" /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b> Dur AluMag</b> -</div><div> Duralumin = Aluminium + Magnesium</div><div><br /></div><div><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,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" /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>9901 Stee BeKa</b> -</div><div> Steel = Besi + Karbon</div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQRp0TiQMnZNQxrVr9vvfRG1g606-H_-Q2Ntowhn5zTjcjYkiSBs_1FZUi2" /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>7408 StanStee Be K</b>a -</div><div> StanlessSteel = Besi + Karbon</div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSynjCYoTgeXTtGplJY8jtTI9qUpMnMfOXO488yXaervnGrdZ5A5Q" /></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-13370785730390506902010-11-13T06:28:00.000-08:002010-11-13T06:42:40.180-08:00Garam....<div><br /></div><div><img src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRhMAc0fdbl7dvVDOtWKhv5WVMm23V1ifqM5Kr8onjlMmBw2OHlxA" /></div><div><br /></div>garam merupakan satu topik yang paling pelajar boring..<div>diorang kata susah sebab banyak yang kena hafal... bagi cikgu tak payah hafal.. asalkan ingat cukup laa. hahhahaaa.</div><div><br /></div><div>sebenarnya bab garam ni tak lah panjang sangat..</div><div>ada 3 perkara penting jo..</div><div><br /></div><div>1. macammana nak kenal garam</div><div>2. bagaimana nak tahu cara nak sediakan garam</div><div>3. bagaimana nak tahu jenis garam.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>1. Kenal garam..</div><div>-garam nie ada 4 jenis je<span class="Apple-style-span" > </span>.. just ingat<span class="Apple-style-span" > <b>SuKa CloNi</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" >garam Sulfat garam Karbonat garan Clorida garam Nitrat</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></b></div><div><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); ">l</b>epas tu kena tau garam yang mana LARUT dan Tak LARUT</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Garam Larut </div><div><ul><li>semua Garam AmNaK</li><li>Semua Garam Nitrat</li><li>Semua Garam Clorida Kecuali PAM ( Potassiun, Agentum, Mercury</li><li>Semua Garam Sulfat kecuali BaCaP ( Barium, Calsium , Plumbum )</li></ul><div><br /></div></div><div>Garam Tak Larut</div><div><ul><li>Semua Garam Karbonat kecuali AmNaK</li><li>PAM Klorida</li><li>SuBaCap ( Barium, Calsium dan Plumbum Sulfida)</li></ul><div><br /></div></div><div>so... selamat menghafal..</div><div>nanti cikgu sambung lain kaliek?</div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-62188895476756563112010-11-12T05:59:00.000-08:002010-11-12T06:06:06.256-08:00Chemistry Tips - SPM 2010 Focus<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 18px; "><h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; position: relative; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Chemistry Tips - SPM 2010 Focus</span></span></h3><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span">by Mr Teoh: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px; "><a href="http://spmchem.blogspot.com/">http://spmchem.blogspot.com</a></span></span></span></div><div class="post-header" style="line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); "><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="width: 498px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> Chemeistry SPM Tips : Do focus on these topics. Hope it will help all of you in getting A+ in Chemistry<br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center; "><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI-h4mG8ke_XbICrCIDo6fByBcOW80PQbLQk0Qy0QT961rfEsjHvd_jIk7gDlIuDuJYGTfLdet9V9m07X2RaLdSIB86keIoFgtJzygZn38EYMXvb7tqT_5D_AxmDwkAVuKxlYcalTEK1Q/s1600/p2+srtc.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 34, 17); margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI-h4mG8ke_XbICrCIDo6fByBcOW80PQbLQk0Qy0QT961rfEsjHvd_jIk7gDlIuDuJYGTfLdet9V9m07X2RaLdSIB86keIoFgtJzygZn38EYMXvb7tqT_5D_AxmDwkAVuKxlYcalTEK1Q/s320/p2+srtc.JPG" width="320" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; position: relative; " /></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center; "><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TKDn6eXpKXOuRwAqUyxFZ8iBHotCSKF6TlJtsxLjcFHxRr-YVAQWG76L5seUdlSxY85Luhx2wl83MIFxdlxksW06vwkw9E_Ff-IUAxCs0eZp3H2HEmvsEYIrT0jiW9nJjN8xkm-mS3w/s1600/p2+essay.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 34, 17); margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TKDn6eXpKXOuRwAqUyxFZ8iBHotCSKF6TlJtsxLjcFHxRr-YVAQWG76L5seUdlSxY85Luhx2wl83MIFxdlxksW06vwkw9E_Ff-IUAxCs0eZp3H2HEmvsEYIrT0jiW9nJjN8xkm-mS3w/s320/p2+essay.JPG" width="320" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; position: relative; " /></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center; "><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkw9k1UghNgecfy13QljhIPqfGCbSEEVGtbueRdTTHRdWE4F181MbDX2gbpm7NOZCLh6w0ekCYxgIFnESMpmvpaN5iVwPeBuOAtHrBOhRu-vgsifoPkQWNZ38UguhyphenhyphenDHgkfxAgV5LGXe4/s1600/p3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 34, 17); margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkw9k1UghNgecfy13QljhIPqfGCbSEEVGtbueRdTTHRdWE4F181MbDX2gbpm7NOZCLh6w0ekCYxgIFnESMpmvpaN5iVwPeBuOAtHrBOhRu-vgsifoPkQWNZ38UguhyphenhyphenDHgkfxAgV5LGXe4/s320/p3.JPG" width="320" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; position: relative; " /></span></span></a></div></div></span>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-59269459492211497612010-11-01T23:03:00.000-07:002010-11-01T23:07:25.565-07:00Penggunaan Istilah/Perkataan Yang Tidak Tepat dalam menjawab soalan<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; "><b><div align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100.02%;mso-cellspacing:.7pt;margin-left:-26.25pt;border:outset 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:24.05pt"> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;background:#339966;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in; height:24.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="color:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bil<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> </td> <td style="background:#339966;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:24.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="color:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tidak Tepat<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;background:#339966;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in; height:24.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="color:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sepatutnya<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Mendakan perang</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Enapan perang</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Atom yang stabil</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Atom mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">3</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Konfigurasi elektron</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Susunan elektron</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">4</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Larutan jernih</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Larutan tanpa warna</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">5</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ion iodida bertindak balas lengkap</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ion iodida habis bertindak balas//semua ion iodida bertindak balas lengkap</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">6</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tindak balas tidak berlaku(pemerhatian)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tiada perubahan</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">7</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Mempercepatkan kadar tindak balas</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kadar tindak balas bertambah/meningkat</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">8</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pembakaran dengan karbon</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pembakaran dengan oksigen</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">9</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih aktif daripada zink</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">10</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">SEK</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Siri elektrokimia</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">11</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink (siri elektrokimia)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih elektropositif daripada zink.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">12</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih elektropositif daripada zink.(siri kereaktifan)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">13</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Campurkan ammonia</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Campurkan larutan ammonia</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">14</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Larutan kalium permanganat</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">15</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Polistirena dapat mencegah kehilangan haba</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Polistirena mengurangkan kehilangan haba</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">16</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Takat lebur ialah takat dimana pepejal berubah menjadi cecair</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Takat lebur ialah suhu dimana pepejal berubah menjadi cecair</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">17</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bilangan elektron terluar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bilangan elektron di petala luar/terluar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">18</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Fungsi titian garam ialah melengkapkan litar dan mengasingkan larutan</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Fungsi titian garam ialah membenarkan ion melaluinya</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">19</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Natrium menderma elektron</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Atom natrium menderma satu elektron</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">20</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Struktur elektron stabil</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Susunan elektron octet</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">21</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Elektron sudah penuh dipetala luar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Terdapat lapan elektron di petala luar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">22</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tarikan nukleus ke atas petala luar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tarikan nukleus ke atas elektron di petala luar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">23</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Saiz unsur bertambah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Saiz atom bertambah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">24</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kadar tindak balas cepat</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kadar tindak balas tinggi/meningkat/bertambah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">25</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kadar tindak balas perlahan</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kadar tindak balas rendah/berkurang</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">26</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Saiz bahan yang kecil mempunyai luas permukaan yang besar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Saiz bahan yang kecil mempunyai jumlah luas permukaan yang besar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">27</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bilangan zarah bertambah apabila kepekatan bertambah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bilangan zarah per unit isipadu bertambah apabila kepekatan bertambah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">28</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sebatian ion dapat mengalirkan arus elektrik</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sebatian ion dapat mengalirkan arus elektrik dalam keadaan lebur atau akueus.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">29</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Jisim atom relatif sesuatu unsur berapa kali satu atom unsur itu lebih berat daripada hidrogen</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Jisim atom relatif sesuatu unsur berapa kali satu atom unsur itu lebih berat daripada satu atom hidrogen</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">30</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Hidrokarbon ialah sebatian yang mengandungi karbon dan hidrogen.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Hidrokarbon ialah sebatian yang mengandungi karbon dan hidrogen sahaja.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">31</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Nombor pengoksidaan ferum berubah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Nombor pengoksidaan ferum bertambah dari +2 ke +3</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">32</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Daya tarikan sebatian ion kuat</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Daya tarikan antara ion dalam sebatian kuat</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">33</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Daya tarikan dalam molekul lemah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Daya tarikan antara molekul lemah</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">34</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Polimer adalah bahan yang terdiri daripada monomer-monomer</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Polimer adalah bahan yang terbentuk daripada penggabungan monomer-monomer</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">35</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Warna kalium mangganat(VII)menjadi tanpa warna</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Warna ungu larutan kalium mangganat(VII)menjadi tanpa warna</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">36</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Atom natrium dan klorin terletak dalam kala yang sama kerana kedua-dua atom mempunyai tiga petala</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Atom natrium dan klorin terletak dalam kala yang sama kerana kedua-dua atom mempunyai tiga petala berisi elektron</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">37</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sabun terdiri daripada bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Molekul sabun terdiri daripada bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">38</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sabun merendahkan tegangan permukaan pakaian</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Sabun merendahkan tegangan permukaan air</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">39</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Zink karbonat berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Zink oksida berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="4%" style="width:4.66%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">40</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kuprum didiscas dikatod</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="49%" style="width:49.32%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ion kuprum didiscas dikatod</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">+ </span></div><div align="center" style="font-size: medium; "><br /></div></b></span> </div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-30412641801634743802010-10-25T06:11:00.000-07:002010-11-14T00:07:47.410-08:00analisis soalan essay paper 2<div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TN4kcC9zaxI/AAAAAAAAAI8/BR2lJo6CXJY/s1600/untitled.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 293px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TN4kcC9zaxI/AAAAAAAAAI8/BR2lJo6CXJY/s400/untitled.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538904655963319058" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>nie cikgu just copy dari Mr Teoh. <a href="http://spmchem.blogspot.com/2010_10_24_archive.html">http://spmchem.blogspot.com/2010_10_24_archive.html</a></div><div>terima kasih Mr Teoh.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-54512381940973968962010-10-19T21:46:00.000-07:002010-10-19T22:02:14.255-07:00Perbezaan SEK DAN SKLaDA Cikgu kata kalau nak cemerlang kimia kena tahu Sek? kena faham Sek? ye ko?<div>sebab seks nie penting dalam kimia..</div><div>kalau tak reti seK.. tok leh jawablah soalan elektrolisis, tbls dan sebagainya..</div><div><br /></div><div>So.....<b>Siri Elektro Kimia(</b> SEK) nie kena Hafal.... tapi jangan bertukar dengan Siri Kereaktifan Logam <b>SKL</b> pulok.. apa beza SEk dengan SKL?</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Siri Elektro Kimia</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>K <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Kalau</b></div><div><b>Na <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Nak</b></div><div><b>Ca<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Kahwin</b></div><div><b>Mg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Mesti</b></div><div><b>Al <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Ambil</b></div><div><b>Zn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Zat</b></div><div><b>Fe<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Ferum</b></div><div><b>Sn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Supaya</b></div><div><b>Pb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Perkahwinan</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">H</span></b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Hendaknya</span></b></div><div><b>Cu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Kekal</b></div><div><b>Hg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Hingga</b></div><div><b>Ag <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Akhir</b></div><div><b>Au<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Adanya</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Siri Kereaktifan Logam</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><div><b>K <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Kalau</b></div><div><b>Na <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Nak</b></div><div><b>Ca<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Kahwin</b></div><div><b>Mg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Mesti</b></div><div><b>Al <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Ambil</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">C</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Cukup</span></b></div><div><b>Zn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Zat</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">H</span></b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Highest</span></b></div></span></b></span></b></div><div><b>Fe<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Ferum</b></div><div><b>Sn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Supaya</b></div><div><b>Pb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Perkahwinan</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><b>Cu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Kekal</b></div><div><b>Hg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Hingga</b></div><div><b>Ag <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Akhir</b></div><div><b>Au<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span>- Adanya</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div></span></b></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-46235142621972644422010-10-19T20:23:00.000-07:002010-10-19T20:27:29.241-07:00Analisis soalan trial kertas 3 mengikut negeri..<div>format sebenar kertas 3 nie tak tau laa. berubah mengikut keadaan. ada state yang buat 2 soalan dan ada juga buat 3 soalan.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 18px; "><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center"><b>States</b></div></td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center"><b>Question 1</b></div></td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center"><b>Question 2</b></div></td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center"><b>Question 3</b></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">SBP</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Reactivity of alkali metals towards oxygen</td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of metals on iron rusting</td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of size of zinc on the rate of reaction</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Terengganu</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Heat of combustion of various alcohols</td><td valign="top" width="177">Reactivity of alkali metals towards oxygen</td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Kedah</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Reactivity of alkali metals with oxygen</td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of quantity of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide</td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of metals on the rusting of iron</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Perak</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">End-point of titration</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Johor</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of other metals on rusting of iron</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Perlis</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Construct electrochemical series based on the potential difference of pairs of metals</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of concentration/catalyst on the rate of reaction between an acid & metal</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Kelantan</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Heat of combustion of various alcohols</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of the type of electrode on the product of electrolysis at anode</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Kuala Lumpur</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Heat of displacement of copper by different metals</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">determine the position of carbon in the reactivity series based on its ability to reduce metal oxides</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Pahang</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Heat of combustion of alchols</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Mallaca</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Relationship between concentration of nitric acid and its pH value</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Investigate the difference in electrical conductivity between an ionic compound and a covalent compound</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="85"><div align="center">Selangor</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of metal on rusting of iron</td><td valign="top" width="177"><div align="center">-</div></td><td valign="top" width="177">Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 18px; ">nie saya copy dari </span><a href="http://chem2u.blogspot.com/">http://chem2u.blogspot.com</a></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-13558159588462359222010-10-19T18:05:00.000-07:002010-10-19T18:32:21.754-07:00soalan Hot spm 2010..semalam ada perjumpaan guru2 kimia daerah Dungun.. adala bincang sikit camna nak tingkatkan subjek kimia, permasalahan dan soalan2 yang terhangat dipasaran. Fesi kato soalan spot takdok laa.. lagipun malas nak spot-spot nie.. tak masuk kan marah ko orang..<div>tapi walaubagaimanapun ada laa soalan2 yang terhangat dipasaran yang kita perlu lebihkan bagi tumpuan berdasarkan analisis dan pengalaman orang2 lama kimia terengganu ( taiko kimia laa)</div><div><br /></div><div>antaranya bagilah penekanan sikit kepada tajuk2 nie ...\</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>kertas 2</b></div><div><ul><li>rate of reaction - faktor2 yang mempengaruhi rate of reaction. fokuskan kepada faktor <b> Size</b> dan <b>catalyze( mangkin)</b></li><li> Polimer ( lama dah tak keluar)</li><li>proses SEntuh dan Heaber</li><li>heating of Combusion ( banyak jugak negeri2 target soalan nie antaranya terengganu n negeri 9)</li><li>tbls Redoks <b>Rusting- </b>soalan eksperimen<b> </b> ( trial terengganu)</li><li>Pemindahan elektron dalam satu jarak Eksperimen</li><li>asid and base - proses penitratan dan peranan air dalam tbls</li><li>Sebatian kovalen lama dah tak keluar</li></ul><div><br /></div><div><b>paper 3 </b></div><div><br /></div><div><ul><li>reaction bagi group 1 dengan oksigen</li><li>garam( soalan famous laa nie.. keluar sokmo) fokuskan kepada ( Kesan haba ke atas garam, cara penyediaan garam dan ujian kation dan anion)</li></ul><ul><li>Sabun - keberkesanan sabun dalam air liat dan air lembut</li></ul></div><div>insyallah kalau berkerajinan saya akan bagilaa contoh2 soalan yang diatas.. ingat.. nie bukan soalan spot.. soalan panas jo!! selamat membaca</div></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-36017908241858640302010-10-17T23:12:00.000-07:002010-10-17T23:18:34.799-07:00sOALAN PERsAMAAN kIMIAPersamaan kimia adalah satu bab yang mesti dikuasai oleh semua pelajar kimia<div>- bagaimana nak buat,</div><div>- bagaimana nak balance</div><div>- bagaimana nak buat pengiraan.</div><div><br /></div><div>persamaan kimia nie boleh keluar dalam banyak topik..</div><div>Dibawah nie adalah contoh-contoh persamaan kimia. dari pelbagai topik.</div><div>kalau anda dapat jawab semua dengan betul insyallah boleh laa buat persamaan kimia.. tapi bab pengiraan dok bincang lagi tu... pengiraan.. boleh lihat post cikgu yang terdahulu.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between magnesium and oxygen. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2) Reaction between sodium oxide and water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> 3</span>) Reaction between zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p>4)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between potassium hydroxide and dilute nitric acid. ·</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>5) <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between copper (lI) carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p>6)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between zinc and copper (II) sulphate solution.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>7<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between sodium and water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>8<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between copper(II) oxide and hydrogen gas.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>9<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">10<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reaction between ammonia and hydrogen chloride.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">11<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Carbon dioxide is flowed through lime water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">12<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Lead(II) carbonate is being heated.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">13<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Zinc Nitrate is being heated.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">14 Sodium nitrate is being heated. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">15 Reaction between sulphur dioxide and water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">16 Carbon dioxide reacts with water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">17 Reaction between |ead (II) nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">18 Ionizations of hydrogen chloride gas in water.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">19 The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with the presence of manganese (lV) oxide as a catalyst.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%">20 The decomposition of potassium chlorate (V) by heat with the presence of copper(II) oxide as a catalyst.</p></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-382096428716937712010-10-17T19:16:00.000-07:002010-10-17T23:21:57.827-07:00simbol Atom<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLvnXOEI2II/AAAAAAAAAIs/eXJAtUKet50/s1600/atom+4.bmp"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>soalan berkaitan jadual berkala merupakan soalan yang sentiasa keluar dalam setiap exam..<div>cuma berbeza format je. tapi konsep asasnya tetap sama. jadi jika kita dapat memahami dan mentafsirkan simbol atom dengan betul, insyallah kita akan dapat menjawab soalan ini dengan baik..</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLu1ED4PAsI/AAAAAAAAAIc/8Dok7Zt9umc/s400/atom+3.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529212048892691138" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 292px; " /></span></div><div><div>sebenarnya banyak Iagi yang kita boleh dapat...</div><div>Neutron Number = Nucleon No. - Proton No</div><div>= 23 - 11</div><div>= 1 2</div><div><br /></div><div>elektron Number = 1 1 (sama dengan proton number)</div><div>Susunan Elektron = 2.8.1 </div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLvnXOEI2II/AAAAAAAAAIs/eXJAtUKet50/s400/atom+4.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529267353625876610" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 133px; " /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></div><div>elektron valens = 1</div><div><br /></div><div>kumpulan = 1</div><div>Kala = 3 ( 3 petala terisi elektron)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>gambarajah susunan elektron</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLu3bZHNhII/AAAAAAAAAIk/VHYqnpWa3Fk/s400/atom+5.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529214648752899202" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 366px; height: 400px; " /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Atom x apabila bergabung dengan kumpulan bukan</div><div>Iogam ( kumpulan 1 7 dan 16) akan membentuk = SEBATIAN IONIK</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Sifat fizik dan sifat kimia X adalah sama dengan sifat </div><div>Iogam kumpulan 1 sebab X berada di kumpulan 1</div><div><br /></div><div>sifat Fizik :</div><div>- boleh mengalirkan arus elektrik</div><div>- takat Iebur dan takat didih rendah berbanding Iogam Iain</div><div>- mempunyai ketumpatan yang rendah</div><div>- pepejal kelabu dengan permukaan berkilau</div></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></span></div><div><br /></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-16946810938817484482010-10-16T19:36:00.000-07:002010-10-16T19:49:10.623-07:00sifat kimia dan sifat fizik<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLpj5z9OnyI/AAAAAAAAAIE/tvvh0oPuOWo/s1600/properties.bmp"></a>Malam kimia kita mesti dapat bezakan antara sifat kimia dengan sifat fizik.. ini adalah salahsatu perkara penting dalam kimia.<div>biasanya soalan yang biasa di tanya ialah '' nyata sifat kimia / fizik sebatian yang terbentuk? "</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>perbezaan sifat fizik dan kimia.. cikgu copy jo laaa malas nak type.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TLpj5z9OnyI/AAAAAAAAAIE/tvvh0oPuOWo/s400/properties.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5528841337401417506" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 180px; " /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></div><div><br /></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-74958022640357331252010-10-16T18:56:00.000-07:002010-10-16T19:25:45.988-07:00warna2 bagi sebatian dan ion.mengetahui warna2 setiap sebatin, ion dan halogen adalah penting untuk kita jawab <div> pemerhatian bagi setiap eksperimen. sebaik-bainya kita hafallah warna2 nie yaaa..</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Sebatian</span></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>CuCO3 = <b><span class="Apple-style-span">Hijau</span></b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">CuCl2</span><b> = Hijau</b></span></div><div>CuO = <b>Hitam</b></div><div>ZnO = <span class="Apple-style-span"><b>Kuning ( Panas ) dan </b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Putih</span> ( Sejuk )</b></div><div><br /></div><div>PbO = <span class="Apple-style-span"><b>Perang ( Panas ) dan </b></span><b>Kuning ( Sejuk )</b></div><div>PbI2 = <b>Kuning</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Ion-ion</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Cu<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> 2+ = <span class="Apple-style-span">Biru</span> ( kecuali CuCO3 dan </span>CuCl2 )</b></div><div><b>Ni 2+ = <span class="Apple-style-span">Hijau</span></b></div><div><b>Cr 3+ = <span class="Apple-style-span">Hijau</span></b></div><div><b>Fe 2+ = <span class="Apple-style-span">Hijau</span></b></div><div><b>Fe 3+ = <span class="Apple-style-span">Kuning</span>/ <span class="Apple-style-span">Kuning Keperangan</span>/<span class="Apple-style-span">perang</span></b></div><div><b>CrO<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">4 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">- = <span class="Apple-style-span">Kuning</span></span></b></div><div><b>Cr<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">2</span>O<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">7</span>2- = <span class="Apple-style-span">Orange</span></b></div><div><b>MnO<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">4 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">- = <span class="Apple-style-span">Unggu</span></span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Halogen</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cl<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> (Gas) = kuning kehijauan</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cl<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> ( aq) = Kuning</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Br<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> ( g/l/aq) = Perang/oren</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>I<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> (g) = Unggu</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>I<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> (s) = hitam </b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>I<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span> ( aq) = kuning/Kuning keperangan/ Perang ( bergantung kepada kepekatan )</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b>* sorilaa formula ion kurang betul.. payah nak ejust dalam blog nie!!!</b></span></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-88261934937169165782010-09-30T09:36:00.000-07:002010-09-30T09:42:54.220-07:00Jadual peperiksaan SPM 2010<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TKS9tZfwosI/AAAAAAAAAH8/bpskhignwGM/s1600/kimia+table.png"></a>sapo yang berkenan boleh download di sini<div><a href="http://apps2.moe.gov.my/lpm/files/spm/2010/Jadual%20Waktu%20SPM%202010.pdf">http://apps2.moe.gov.my/lpm/files/spm/2010/Jadual%20Waktu%20SPM%202010.pdf</a></div><div><br /></div><div>yang penting....</div><div>peperiksaan kimia seperti berikut:</div><div><br /></div><div>ingat 6 dis 2010</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TKS9tZfwosI/AAAAAAAAAH8/bpskhignwGM/s400/kimia+table.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5522747630698930882" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 215px; " /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">semoga anak2 murid ku berjaya menjawab dengan tenang!!</span></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-81817097148196455312010-09-30T09:19:00.000-07:002010-09-30T09:22:31.985-07:00soalan ramalan kertas 2<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 18px; "><div class="post-body entry-content" style="width: 648px; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 15px; position: relative; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; ">nie antara yang dijangka keluar...</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; ">ambik dari </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; ">CH ’ NG TUITION</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; ">keluar atau tidak... wallahuaklam...</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><br /><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large; ">Chemistry </span></b><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; ">[PAPER 2]</strong></span></span></span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "></strong></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; ">SECTION A</strong></strong></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; "></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; ">1. Empirical formula. (precaution, draw apparatus, observation, calculation).</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">2. Periodic table.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">3. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Carbon compound. (alkane, alkane, alcohol.)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">4. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Salt</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">5. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Redox and electrolysis. (define term)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">6. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Soap and detergent (how to make soap, adv, disadvantage.)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">7. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Contact & Haber process.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">8. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Thermochemistry</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); line-height: 25px; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><br /></strong></strong></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 12pt; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><u style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">SECTION B</u></strong></strong></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">1. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">How to make soluble / insoluble salt. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">(Identity anion / cation.)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">2. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Rate of reaction. (catalyst, surface area, concentration.)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">3. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Bond (ionic , covalent)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">4. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Combination of (alloy ,glass, polymer) or </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(49, 54, 95); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Simsun; ">Rubber (polymer & vulcanisation)</span></div><div><br /></div><div style="clear: both; "></div></div><div class="post-footer" style="line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); "><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-1"><span class="post-author vcard">Posted by <span class="fn">庄老师 Mr. Ch’ng</span> </span><span class="post-timestamp">at <a class="timestamp-link" href="http://chngtuition.blogspot.com/2010/09/spm-tips-2010-not-final-to-be-updates.html" rel="bookmark" title="permanent link" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(51, 170, 255); "><abbr class="published" title="2010-09-18T04:14:00-07:00" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; ">4:14 AM</abbr></a></span></div></div></span>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-43646496869765021542010-08-23T22:33:00.000-07:002010-09-29T21:00:14.184-07:00selamat menghadapi TRial spm 2010<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TKQLD45UkOI/AAAAAAAAAHs/QOjWqzs1pv8/s1600/P1040379.JPG"></a>selamat menduduki peperiksaan trial spm 2010 kepada pelajar2 SMKDM...<div><br /></div><div>17 ogos 2010 - 2 september 2010</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TKQLD45UkOI/AAAAAAAAAHs/QOjWqzs1pv8/s400/P1040379.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5522551204503392482" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px; " /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></div><div><br /><div>jawab molek2.. jange meniru</div></div><div>tapi kesian jugak... jadual terlalu padat. direct dari jam 7.50 - 1.10 tgh setiap hari...</div><div>pening2..</div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-35528517580039521112010-08-20T07:39:00.000-07:002010-10-17T20:08:25.295-07:00Chemistry SPM Paper 3 Question Analysis from 2003 ...<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="http://chem2u.blogspot.com/2010/08/chemistry-spm-paper-3-question-analysis.html?spref=bl">chem2U: Chemistry SPM Paper 3 Question Analysis from 2003 ...</a>: "Year Structure Question Planning an Experiment 2009 1 Effect of type of electrode on the electrolysis of aqueous solution 2 Rate o..."<div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/TKS63c54otI/AAAAAAAAAH0/--Q9RDGHCBc/s400/analisis.png" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 329px; height: 400px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5522744504877621970" /></div><div>terima kasih.........</div><div><br /></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-672381095635706802010-04-25T22:10:00.000-07:002010-04-25T22:17:21.719-07:00PENAMAAN ISOMER ALKENA<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Bookman Old Style', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Bookman Old Style', serif;color:black;">PENAMAAN ISOMER ALKENA</span><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Bookman Old Style', serif;color:black;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"> Langkah-langkah berikut digunakan untuk menamakan isomer ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Langkah 1:</span></span></b></span><i><span style="color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></b></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Pilih rantai karbon terpanjang yang mempunyai ikatan ganda</span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">dua sebagai ikatan alkena induk.</span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span></span></i></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> C - C - C = C </span></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> l </span></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span></span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> C</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Betul : 5 atom karbon</span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Langkah 2 :</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">a)</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Tentukan kedudukan </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">ikatan ganda dua</span></span></b></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">b)Nomborkan atom karbon bermula dari hujung rantai yang akan </span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">memberi </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">nombor terkecil</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> bagi atom karbon yang</span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">mengandungi ikatan ganda dua.</span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><i></i></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Langkah 3 : </span></span></b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Nyatakan bilangan dan kedudukan kumpulan alkil.Pada</span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">kedudukan terdapat kumpulan metil.</span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Langkah 4 : </span></span></b><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">berikan nama alkena. tu jee... mudah kan?</span></span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;">CONTOH :</span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-style: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S9UhpPUFyhI/AAAAAAAAAHE/8ISbc2A-VA8/s400/penamaan+alkena.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5464310715253115410" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 254px; " /></span></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-style: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></i></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-style: normal;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span></span></i></div><i><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"><span> </span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:black;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></div></i>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-72399700243784059742010-04-21T22:24:00.000-07:002010-04-21T22:24:30.217-07:00ringkasan Kumpulan Homolog<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sebatian carbon</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>1. </b>Pembakaran lengkap sebatian organic dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida,CO<sub>2</sub> dan air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>2. </b>Hidrokarbon ialah sebatian organic yang mengandungi unsure karbon dan hydrogen sahaja.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span><b>Isomerism</b></span></i></span></span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><i><span><span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> 1. </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Isomerisme</i></b><i> ialah fenomena di mana dua atau lebih molekul mempunyai jenis dan bilangan atom yang sama tetapi susunan atom yang berbeza.</i></span></span></b></span></i></span></span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Isomer-isomer</i></b><i> ialah dua atau lebih molekul yang mempunyai<span> </span>formula molekul yang sama tetapi formula struktur yang berbeza.</i></span></span> </span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>Alkana</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>1.Alkana </i></b><i>ialah suatu siri homolog bagi <b>hidrokarbon tepu </b>dengan formula am <b>C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></b>dengan n =<b> </b>1,2,3,4…..</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>2</i></b><i>. sifat fizik alkana seperti takat lebur, takat didih dan ketumpatan adalah <b>rendah</b>tetapi <b>semakin meningkat</b> secara beransur-ansur apabila bilangan atom<span> </span>karbon per molekul semakin meningkat.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. Alkana terbakar dalam udara berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida,CO<sub>2</sub> dan air</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.Alkana menjadi <b>tindak balas penukargantian</b> dengan klorin atau bromine dengan kehadiran cahaya matahari atau cahaya ultralembayung</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>Alkena</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>1.alkena</i></b><i> ialah suatu siri homolog bagi hidrokarbon tak tepu dengan formula am C <sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>dengan n=2,3,4,….</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>2.</i></b><i> Sifat fizik alkena seperti takat lebur,takat didih dan ketumpatan adalah <b>rendah</b>tetapui <b>semakin meningkat</b> secara beransur-ansur apabila bilangan atom karbon per molekul semakin meningkat.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. Alkena terbakar dalam udara berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida, CO<sub>2</sub> dan air</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4. Alkena menjalani<span> </span><b>tindak balas penambahan</b> dengan bromine,klorin,kalium manganat(VII) berasid,hydrogen,hydrogen halida dan air serta<span> </span>mengalami <b>tindak balas pempolimeran.</b></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>5.</i></b><i>Alkena <b>menyahwarnakan </b><span> </span>warna ungu kalium manganat(vii) berasid manakala alkana tidak bertindak balas dengan kedua dua reagen itu.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span><b>Alcohol</b></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span> </span>1.Alkohol </i></b><i>ialah suatu siri homolog dengan formula am <b>C</b><sub><b>n</b></sub><b>H</b><sub><b>2n+1</b></sub><b>COOH</b> di mana nilai n=1,2,3,……</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>2.Ethanol disediakan melalui</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Penapisan karbohidrat oleh yis</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tindak balas etena dengan stim</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Alkohol terbakar dengan lengkap dalam udara berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida CO<sub>2 </sub>air dan haba.</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Pengoksidaan alcohol</i></b><i> menghasilkan <b>asid karboksilik</b><span> </span>yang sepadan</i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Pendehidratan</i></b><i> <b>alcohol </b>menghasilkan <b>alkena</b> yang sepadan dan air</i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S8_dE3KIAdI/AAAAAAAAAG4/u23K3_yN3Hg/s1600/Carboxylic-acid-group-3D.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S8_dE3KIAdI/AAAAAAAAAG4/u23K3_yN3Hg/s200/Carboxylic-acid-group-3D.png" width="200" /></a></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Asid karboksilik </span></i></b></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Asid karbosilik </i></b><i>ialah suatu siri homolog dengan formula am <b>C</b><sub><b>n</b></sub><b>H</b><sub><b>2n+1</b></sub><b>COOH</b> di mana n=1,2……<b></b></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Asid karbosilik<b> bersifat asid dalam air, </b>maka dapat bertindak balas dengan besw, karbonat logam, dan logam reaktif untuk membentuk garam.<b></b></span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Asid karbosilik bertindak balas dengan alcohol dengan kehadiran mankin asi sulfurik<span> </span>pekat dalam keadaan panas untuk menghasilkan ester dan air. Tindak balas ini digelar <b>pengesteran</b></span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></i></b></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></i></b></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ester</span></i></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S8_dG96Oq5I/AAAAAAAAAG8/6zzG6PFAeD4/s1600/ester.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="123" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S8_dG96Oq5I/AAAAAAAAAG8/6zzG6PFAeD4/s200/ester.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><b><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Ester </i></b><i>ialah suatu siri homolog dengan formula am </i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><b> C</b><sub><b>n</b></sub><b>H</b><sub><b>2n+1</b></sub><b>COO</b><sub><b>m</b></sub><b>H</b><sub><b>2m+1</b></sub><b>=0,1,2,3,</b>……. </i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i> Dan m= 1,2,3…..<b></b></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ester ringkas berbau wangi tetapi ester kompleks kurang berbau.</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ester digunakan sebagai perisa, bahan pengawet dan pelarut organic.</span></i></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ester tidak larut dalam air kecuali metal metanoat dan kurang tumpat daripada air.</span></i></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-14585247719390100552010-04-21T19:24:00.000-07:002010-04-21T19:24:34.746-07:00sebatian karbon<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">hari nie cikgu nak bincang tentang sebatian karbon..</span><br />
<div>malas nak focus semua.. cekgu just nak kongsi tentang pernamaan je..</div><div><br />
</div><div>untuk penamaan..</div><div>apa yang paling penting sekali kita kena tau asanya..</div><div>kena hafal laaa..</div><div>pendek jo..</div><div><br />
</div><div>nie namanya imbuhan.. hafal</div><div><br />
</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bilangan Atom Karbon</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>Awalan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>1<span> </span>Met </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>2 <span> </span>Et </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>3 <span> </span>Prop</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>4<span> <span> </span>But</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>5 <span> </span>Pent</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>6 <span> </span>Hesk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>7 <span> </span>Hept</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>8 <span> </span>Okt</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>9 <span> </span>Non</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span> </span>10 <span> </span>Dek</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;">nie kena hafal gak..</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;">KUMpulan alkil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" color="initial" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-width: medium;"><tbody>
<tr><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bilangan atom karbon pada rantai sisi</span></div></td><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Formula bagi rantai sisi (kumpulan alkil)</span></div></td><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Nama rantai sisi</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 1</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -CH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> metil</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 2</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub></span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> etil</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 3</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub></span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> propil</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 4</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub></span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> butil</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 5</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub></span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> pentil</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;">dan yang ter akhir ..</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;">kumpulan berfungsi ...</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" color="initial" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-width: medium;"><tbody>
<tr><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Siri homolog</span></div></td><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fomula am</span></div></td><td color="black" face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-width: 1pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kumpulan berfungsi</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Alkena</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n=2,3,4….</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ikatan dubel,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -c=c-</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Alkohol</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>OH,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n=0,1,2….</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kumpulan hidroksil,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-OH</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Asid karbosilik</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COOH,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n=0,1,2….</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kumpulan karbosil,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-C-OH</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> II</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> O</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Ester</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COOC<sub>m</sub>H<sub>2m+1</sub>,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n=0,1,2….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">m=1,2,3……</span></div></td><td face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: initial; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(236, 233, 216); border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kumpulan karbosilat,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-C-O</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> II</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> O</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;">so hafal dulu.. nanti kita bincang penamaan satu persatu..</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-8923526904686458502010-02-21T22:06:00.000-08:002010-02-21T22:13:21.580-08:00Tindakbalas Pengaratan<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Symbol;"> </span></span><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">Seorang pendaki sesat di Gunung Kinabalu. Tangan dan kakinya amat sejuk. Dia mengambil</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">pek kecil daripada sakunya, memecahkan, kemudian meletakkan satu pek dalam setiap but dan </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">mitennya(sarung tangannya). </span></span><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";">Dengan cepat tangan dan kakinya terasa panas.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Pek – pek itu mengandungi campuran serbuk ferum, karbon yang <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";">diaktifkan, natrium klorida, NaCl, selulosa(dalam bentuk habuk<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gergaji) dan zeolit yang dibasahi dengan sedikit air. </span><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";">Apabila <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>campuran ini didedahkan kepada udara,oksigen , O<sub>2</sub>, dalam udara<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">akan mengoksidakan campuran ferum. Pengaratan ferum berlaku <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";">seperti yang berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1026" style="'position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:1'" from="153pt,14.8pt" to="171pt,14.8pt"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:line><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position: absolute;z-index:1;left:0px;margin-left:203px;margin-top:14px;width:27px; height:12px"><img width="27" height="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/admin/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" shapes="_x0000_s1026" /></span><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>4Fe(p)+3O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> ----------- </span>2Fe2O<sub>3</sub>(p);<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">H</i> = -1652kJ<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:-.05in;tab-stops:.75in"><span lang="PT" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:PTfont-family:";"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Tindakbalas ini dapat menghasilkan haba kira – kira 6 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-6416104052107010152010-02-21T21:56:00.000-08:002010-02-21T21:59:58.283-08:00Negatif Foto<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IdVLeeEhI/AAAAAAAAAGo/jizp2c9l-nU/s1600-h/negatif.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 130px; height: 98px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IdVLeeEhI/AAAAAAAAAGo/jizp2c9l-nU/s200/negatif.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440943549512028690" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">Filem fotografi mengandungi argentums bromide, AgBr. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">Apabila didedahkan kepada cahaya, tindak balas redoks berlaku dengan </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">ion bromide, Br-, memindahkan satu elektron kepada ion argentums, Ag+, </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span lang="DE" style="Comic Sans MS";mso-ansi-language:DEfont-family:";">untuk membentuk logam argentums. </span></span><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";">Ini menghasilkan kawasan gelap pada negatif gambar foto.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><br /></span></p>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-15414431989115643362010-02-21T21:54:00.000-08:002010-02-21T21:56:01.353-08:00Minyak sawit<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IcaCr5pfI/AAAAAAAAAGg/FQjC1iXFfAY/s1600-h/408289_cookingoilweb.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 153px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IcaCr5pfI/AAAAAAAAAGg/FQjC1iXFfAY/s200/408289_cookingoilweb.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440942533540161010" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:19.65pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 19.65pt left .75in"><span style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";">Minyak sawit mula-mula digunakan pada zaman pemerintahan Firaun di Mesir,</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:19.65pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 19.65pt left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"> iaitu lebih daripada 5000 tahun dahulu.</span></span></p>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-62336021797170652792010-02-21T21:33:00.000-08:002010-02-21T21:53:33.039-08:00Asid Butanoik<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IbdzLwAcI/AAAAAAAAAGY/-H7RrEaLoQk/s1600-h/mentega_tatura.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S4IbdzLwAcI/AAAAAAAAAGY/-H7RrEaLoQk/s200/mentega_tatura.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440941498586628546" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";">Bau asid butanoik, C3H7COOH adalah seperti bau mentega yang tengik.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"> Perkataan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">butter</i> atau mentega berasal daripada perkataan Latin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">butyrum</i>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Lemak dan minyak yang tulen adalah tak berwarna, tak berbau dan hambar rasanya. Warna,</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">rasa dan bau yang mencirikan sesuatu lemak atau minyak disebabkan oleh bendasing. Sebagai</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">contohnya, warna kuning mentega disebabkan oleh beta-karotena manakala rasa mentega</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">disebabkan oleh kehadiran sebatian 3-hidroksi-2-butanon dan diasetil yang dihasilkan oleh</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">proses memeram krim.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .2in left .75in"><span dir="LTR"><span style="Comic Sans MS"font-family:";"><br /></span></span></p>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-89218351132348907722010-02-21T21:00:00.000-08:002010-02-21T21:20:15.745-08:00TOV dah selesai...<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">lama dah rasanya tak update blog nie..</span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">semalam aku dah hantar markah periksa TOV... alhamdulillah siap gak akhirnya..</span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">malas betul nak perekso kertas sekarang..</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">alhamdulillah.. result tak laa teruk sangat..</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">tapi ade gak fail .. 4 orang and yang paling tak puas hati.. masih ade yang meniru..</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">tak serik-serik... ari tu dah beleber panjang dah.. tak tau la nak royak gano..</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">tak tau bahasa atau tak reti baso...</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">takpo..takpo....ALLAH bersama2 orang yang sabar!!</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">tapi alhamdulillah... leh rilek ari nie..</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">kerja dah beres!!</span></div></div>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145479038824841639.post-51921013079505218892010-01-13T20:20:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:21:11.629-08:00Kegunaan Asid Sulfurik..subjek kimia nie ada banyak juga yang perlu dihafal...<br />
jadi kita kena pelbagaikan teknik menghafal supaya kita tidak lupa.<br />
kena aktifkan otak kanan dan kiri kita..<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S06bhpjF3jI/AAAAAAAAAGU/OtXF3hv_y1M/s1600-h/20070207180319!Sulfuric-acid-3D-vdW.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_y8KbV3NYJuw/S06bhpjF3jI/AAAAAAAAAGU/OtXF3hv_y1M/s200/20070207180319!Sulfuric-acid-3D-vdW.png" width="200" /></a><br />
</div><br />
<br />
Asid sulfurik adalah bahan yang penting dalam industri. Banyak kegunaan asid Sulfurik . antaranya ialah :<br />
<br />
1. membuat POLIMER<br />
2. sebagai ELEKTROLIT dalam akumulator asid-plumbum<br />
3. Sebagai PIGMEN CAT<br />
4. sebagai agen penanggal oksida logam dalam PEMBERSIHAN permukaan LOGAM sebelum proses penyaduran logam<br />
5. Membuat DETERGEN<br />
6. membuat BAJA<br />
7. Membuat PESTISID<br />
<br />
Untuk mudah hafal... kita ambil perkataan penting seperti yang saya taip dalam huruyf besar..<br />
untuk mudah ingat lagi kita bolehlah mencipta ayat2 yang menarik dari perkataan lagi..<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">POLIs</span> <span style="font-size: x-large;">ELak</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> PIG BER Loga DEngan BAJA PESTISID</span>Cekgu Yusahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11510159372323069940noreply@blogger.com1